Geography of Europe
Europe is one of the most developed and historically important continents in the world.
It is known for its mountain ranges, rivers, peninsulas, industries, historical civilizations,
and advanced economies. Europe is highly important for competitive examinations such as
UPSC, SSC, Railway, Banking, Defence, PSC, and various GK examinations.
Europe at a Glance
| Topic |
Information |
| Continent |
Europe |
| Area |
About 10.18 Million km² |
| Population |
About 750 Million |
| Number of Countries |
44 to 50 Countries |
| Largest Country |
Russia |
| Smallest Country |
Vatican City |
| Largest City |
Moscow |
| Highest Peak |
Mount Elbrus |
| Longest River |
Volga River |
| Largest Lake |
Lake Ladoga |
| Main Oceans Around Europe |
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean |
| Main Seas |
Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea, North Sea, Black Sea |
Location and Boundaries of Europe
| Direction |
Bordering Water Body / Region |
| North |
Arctic Ocean |
| South |
Mediterranean Sea |
| West |
Atlantic Ocean |
| East |
Asia and Ural Mountains |
Important Countries and Capitals of Europe
| Country |
Capital |
| United Kingdom |
London |
| France |
Paris |
| Germany |
Berlin |
| Italy |
Rome |
| Spain |
Madrid |
| Russia |
Moscow |
| Ukraine |
Kyiv |
| Poland |
Warsaw |
| Greece |
Athens |
| Norway |
Oslo |
| Sweden |
Stockholm |
| Finland |
Helsinki |
| Switzerland |
Bern |
| Netherlands |
Amsterdam |
| Belgium |
Brussels |
Major Physical Divisions of Europe
| Physical Division |
Important Features |
| North European Plain |
Major agricultural and industrial region |
| Central Uplands |
Contains forests and mineral resources |
| Alpine Mountain System |
Includes Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians |
| Scandinavian Highlands |
Located in Northern Europe |
Major Mountain Ranges of Europe
| Mountain Range |
Important Fact |
| Alps |
Most famous mountain range in Europe |
| Pyrenees |
Separates France and Spain |
| Carpathian Mountains |
Located in Central and Eastern Europe |
| Ural Mountains |
Boundary between Europe and Asia |
| Caucasus Mountains |
Contains Mount Elbrus |
Major Rivers of Europe
| River |
Important Fact |
| Volga River |
Longest river in Europe |
| Danube River |
Flows through many European countries |
| Rhine River |
Important industrial river |
| Seine River |
Flows through Paris |
| Thames River |
Flows through London |
| Po River |
Main river of Italy |
Major Peninsulas of Europe
| Peninsula |
Location |
| Iberian Peninsula |
Spain and Portugal |
| Italian Peninsula |
Italy |
| Balkan Peninsula |
South-East Europe |
| Scandinavian Peninsula |
Norway and Sweden |
| Jutland Peninsula |
Denmark |
Important Lakes of Europe
| Lake |
Important Fact |
| Lake Ladoga |
Largest lake in Europe |
| Lake Onega |
Located in Russia |
| Lake Geneva |
Between Switzerland and France |
| Lake Balaton |
Largest lake in Central Europe |
Climate of Europe
| Region |
Climate Type |
| Western Europe |
Marine West Coast Climate |
| Southern Europe |
Mediterranean Climate |
| Eastern Europe |
Continental Climate |
| Northern Europe |
Cold and Sub-Arctic Climate |
| Mountain Regions |
Highland Climate |
Natural Resources of Europe
| Resource |
Important Area |
| Coal |
Germany and Poland |
| Iron Ore |
Sweden |
| Petroleum |
North Sea Region |
| Natural Gas |
Russia and Norway |
| Bauxite |
France and Hungary |
Important Organizations in Europe
| Organization |
Headquarters |
Important Members |
| European Union (EU) |
Brussels |
Germany, France, Italy, Spain |
| NATO |
Brussels |
USA, UK, France, Germany |
| OECD |
Paris |
Many developed European countries |
Important One-Liner GK Facts About Europe
| Question |
Answer |
| Second smallest continent in the world |
Europe |
| Longest river in Europe |
Volga River |
| Highest peak in Europe |
Mount Elbrus |
| Largest country in Europe |
Russia |
| Smallest country in the world |
Vatican City |
| City known as City of Canals |
Venice |
| Headquarters of European Union |
Brussels |
| Industrial heart of Europe |
Ruhr Region of Germany |
| Country known as Land of Midnight Sun |
Norway |
| Famous wall demolished in 1989 |
Berlin Wall |