Hardcoding Values

• Mistake: Directly using literal values within the code, which makes it harder to maintain or modify.
• Solution: Use constants or configuration files to store values, so you can easily adjust them without modifying the code.

Here's a Java example demonstrating the importance of using constants instead of hardcoded literals:

public class ConstantsExample {
    // Define constants for better maintainability
    private static final double TAX_RATE = 0.08; // 8% tax rate
    private static final String WELCOME_MESSAGE = "Welcome to the Shopping System";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Using constants instead of hardcoded values
        double price = 100.0;
        double totalPrice = price + (price * TAX_RATE);

        System.out.println(WELCOME_MESSAGE);
        System.out.println("Price before tax: $" + price);
        System.out.println("Total price after tax: $" + totalPrice);
    }
}

Explanation:

• Mistake: Hardcoding values (e.g., 0.08 for tax or "Welcome to the Shopping System" directly in the code).
• Solution: Store values in constants (TAX_RATE, WELCOME_MESSAGE) to make the code more maintainable and easier to modify.

Would you like me to include a Java UI example as well? ?