Java is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that is specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation.
JavaScript, on the other hand, is a lightweight, interpreted programming language that is mainly used to create interactive effects within web browsers. It is a scripting language, which means that it is usually embedded in HTML pages and is interpreted by the web browser at runtime, rather than being compiled like a traditional programming language.
One of the main differences between Java and JavaScript is that in Java, functions are associated with classes and are called methods, while in JavaScript, functions are values that can be assigned to variables and passed as arguments to other functions. JavaScript also does not have a hard distinction between methods and fields, meaning that properties of an object can be either data or functions.
Another difference is that Java is a statically-typed language, while JavaScript is a dynamically-typed language. This means that in Java, variables must be declared with a specific type, and the type cannot be changed at runtime, while in JavaScript, the type of a variable is determined at runtime based on the value it is assigned.