Definition:
The sequence construct means that statements are executed one after another in the same order in which they appear in the program.

Example:

public class SequenceExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 5;
        int b = 10;
        int sum = a + b;
        System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);
    }
}

Figure: Sequence Constructs That Govern Statement Flow

Explanation:
Here, each line executes sequentially —
first variables are declared → then addition → then output.
No skipping or repetition of statements.

🔹 2. Selection (Decision Making)

Definition:
The selection construct allows the program to choose a path of execution based on a condition.
It uses if, if-else, or switch statements.

Example:

public class SelectionExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int number = 10;

        if (number % 2 == 0) {
            System.out.println("Even number");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Odd number");
        }
    }
}

Explanation:
Here, the program selects one path depending on whether the condition number % 2 == 0 is true or false.

🔹 3. Iteration (Looping)

Definition:
The iteration construct allows statements to be executed repeatedly as long as a condition is true.
It uses loops such as for, while, or do-while.

Example:

public class IterationExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            System.out.println("Count: " + i);
        }
    }
}

Explanation:
The statement inside the loop executes five times, controlling the flow through repetition.

🧠 Summary Table

Construct	Purpose	Keyword/Structure	Example
Sequence	Executes statements in order	—	Simple statements
Selection	Chooses one path based on condition	`if`, `if-else`, `switch`	Decision making
Iteration	Repeats a set of statements	`for`, `while`, `do-while`	Looping

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Three Constructs That Govern Statement Flow