Skeletal System - Quiz

The skeletal system is responsible for several important functions such as providing support to the body, aiding in movement, storing minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, and protecting vital organs. However, metabolism is not a function of the skeletal system. Metabolism is the process of converting food into energy and nutrients required by the body, and this process occurs mainly in the liver, pancreas, and other organs of the digestive system.

Cartilage is a type of connective tissue. The skeletal system is made up of bones and cartilages, which are both specialised connective tissues. Cartilages have a slightly pliable matrix, unlike bones, which possess a hard matrix. Cartilage is found in many parts of the body, including the ears, nose, and joints, where it acts as a cushion between bones.

The matrix of cartilages is made up of chondrocytes and a gel-like extracellular matrix. This matrix is composed of water, collagen fibers, and proteoglycans, including chondroitin sulfate. The chondroitin sulfate gives cartilage its resistance to compression and its slightly pliable nature.

The axial skeleton is the portion of the human skeletal system that consists of bones along the body's central axis. It includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. In total, there are 80 bones in the axial skeleton. These bones provide support and protection for the body's vital organs and also serve as attachment points for muscles that allow for movement.
The skull is composed of 22 bones that are fused together, except for the mandible (lower jawbone) which is movable. The vertebral column is made up of 33 individual vertebrae that are separated by intervertebral discs. The thoracic cage, which protects the organs of the chest, consists of the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs, bringing the total number of bones in the axial skeleton to 80.
It's important to note that while there are 80 bones in the axial skeleton, the total number of bones in the human body is 206. The remaining 126 bones are part of the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle.
In summary, the axial skeleton comprises 80 bones, including those in the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, and provides support and protection for the body's organs while allowing for movement through muscle attachment points.

The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton are the two parts of the skeletal system in the human body. The axial skeleton includes the bones along the central axis of the body, such as the skull, sternum, vertebral column, and ribs. The clavicle, also known as the collarbone, is not part of the axial skeleton but rather a part of the appendicular skeleton. The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle. Therefore, option A, the clavicle, is the bone that is not part of the axial skeleton.

Humans possess two occipital condyles. These condyles are oval shaped structures that are located on the inferior surface of the occipital bone. They articulate with the superior articular facets of the atlas vertebra. The occipital condyles are important for the stability and movement of the head on the vertebral column.

The vertebral column of humans consists of 26 vertebrae, and each vertebra has a central hollow portion called the neural canal. This canal is responsible for housing and protecting the spinal cord, which is a crucial component of the nervous system. The spinal cord carries signals between the brain and the rest of the body, enabling functions such as movement, sensation, and organ control.

The human body has 12 pairs of ribs, which articulate with the vertebral column dorsally and with the sternum ventrally with the help of hyaline cartilage. Hyaline cartilage is a precursor of bone.

The rib cage is a skeletal structure composed of three main components, namely the vertebral column, the ribs, and the sternum. The vertebral column forms the posterior aspect of the rib cage and provides a bony framework for the attachment of the ribs. The ribs are a series of curved bones that attach to the thoracic vertebrae and curve around the chest to connect to the sternum in the front. The sternum is a flat bone located in the center of the chest that serves as the attachment point for the ribs. The spinal cord, on the other hand, is a part of the central nervous system that runs through the vertebral column but is not a component of the rib cage.

Each limb of the human body has 30 bones. These bones along with their respective girdles constitute the appendicular skeleton. The appendicular skeleton is one of the two major divisions of the skeletal system, with the axial skeleton being the other. The axial skeleton is composed of the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, while the appendicular skeleton comprises the bones of the upper and lower limbs, as well as the pectoral and pelvic girdles.