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Fundamentals of R Language 1 About R tutorial 2 Introduction to R 3 About R, Do & Don't 4 Why R programming Language

Overview of R Language 1 General Properties 2 First Program - Hello World 3 Core Characteristics

Data Types in R Language 1 Data types introduction 2 Data types Examples

Variable in R Language 1 Introduction to Variable

Operators in R Language 1 Operator Introduction 2 Arithmetic Operators 3 Relational Operators 4 Logical Operators in R 5 Assignment Operators 6 Miscellaneous Operators

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Data and File Management 1 Types of Input 2 CSV Files 3 Excel file 4 Reading and writing data

Charts & Graphs 1 Graphical Procedures Introduction 2 plot function 3 Plot using base graphics 4 Plot using ggplot2

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Logical Operators in R Programming Language: Explanation and Examples

Rumman Ansari July 05, 2024 6,832 views

Logical Operators in R Programming Language: Explanation and Examples

Logical Operators

Following table shows the logical operators supported by R language. It is applicable only to vectors of type logical, numeric or complex. All numbers greater than 1 are considered as logical value TRUE.

Each element of the first vector is compared with the corresponding element of the second vector. The result of comparison is a Boolean value.

Operator Description Example

&

It is called Element-wise Logical AND operator. It combines each element of the first vector with the corresponding element of the second vector and gives a output TRUE if both the elements are TRUE.

it produces the following result −

[1]  TRUE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE

|

It is called Element-wise Logical OR operator. It combines each element of the first vector with the corresponding element of the second vector and gives a output TRUE if one the elements is TRUE.

it produces the following result −

[1]  TRUE FALSE  TRUE  TRUE

!

It is called Logical NOT operator. Takes each element of the vector and gives the opposite logical value.

it produces the following result −

[1] FALSE  TRUE FALSE FALSE

The logical operator && and || considers only the first element of the vectors and give a vector of single element as output.

Operator Description Example

&&

Called Logical AND operator. Takes first element of both the vectors and gives the TRUE only if both are TRUE.

it produces the following result −

[1] TRUE

||

Called Logical OR operator. Takes first element of both the vectors and gives the TRUE if one of them is TRUE.

it produces the following result −

[1] FALSE

More Examples

Operators & and | perform element-wise operation producing result having length of the longer operand.

But && and || examines only the first element of the operands resulting into a single length logical vector.

Zero is considered FALSE and non-zero numbers are taken as TRUE. An example run.

> x <- c(TRUE,FALSE,0,6)
> y <- c(FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,TRUE)
> !x
[1] FALSE  TRUE  TRUE FALSE
> x&y
[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE  TRUE
> x&&y
[1] FALSE
> x|y
[1]  TRUE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE
> x||y
[1] TRUE