✏️ Explanatory Question
CAP only describes behaviour during a network partition, which is rare. It says nothing about normal operation.
PACELC extends it:
If Partition, choose Availability or Consistency; Else (normal operation), choose Latency or Consistency.
The second half is the one that governs your system almost all of the time - even with a healthy network, waiting for a quorum to acknowledge a write costs latency.
Classifications:
PACELC is the better framing because it forces you to admit that consistency costs latency even when nothing is broken.