Q: Write the output of the following program code:

char ch;
int x = 97;

do {
    ch = (char) x;
    System.out.print(ch + " ");
    if (x % 10 == 0)
        break;
    ++x;
} while (x <= 100);

Let's analyze the given Java code step by step to determine its output:

Code:

char ch;
int x = 97;

do {
    ch = (char) x;
    System.out.print(ch + " ");
    if (x % 10 == 0)
        break;
    ++x;
} while (x <= 100);
        

Explanation:

1. Initialization:

   - x starts at 97.
   - In ASCII, 97 corresponds to the character 'a'.

2. Loop Execution:

   First Iteration:
   - ch = (char) x converts x to the character 'a'.
   - System.out.print(ch + " "); prints 'a'.
   - x % 10 for 97 is 7 (not zero), so the break statement is not executed.
   - ++x increments x to 98.

   Second Iteration:
   - ch = (char) x converts x to the character 'b'.
   - System.out.print(ch + " "); prints 'b'.
   - x % 10 for 98 is 8 (not zero), so the break statement is not executed.
   - ++x increments x to 99.

   Third Iteration:
   - ch = (char) x converts x to the character 'c'.
   - System.out.print(ch + " "); prints 'c'.
   - x % 10 for 99 is 9 (not zero), so the break statement is not executed.
   - ++x increments x to 100.

   Fourth Iteration:
   - ch = (char) x converts x to the character 'd'.
   - System.out.print(ch + " "); prints 'd'.
   - x % 10 for 100 is 0, so the break statement is executed, terminating the loop.

Conclusion:

The final output of the code is:

• a
• b
• c
• d