Q: In which mode is penetration testing most effective?

A Black-box testing mode
B Gray-box testing mode
C White-box testing mode
D Hybrid testing mode

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Answer: A

Explanation:

Penetration testing is most effective in the black-box testing mode. In black-box testing, the tester has no prior knowledge of the internal workings of the system and tests it from an external perspective, simulating an attack by an external threat actor. This mode is crucial because it mimics real-world hacking scenarios where attackers typically don't have inside information. While gray-box and white-box testing modes may also uncover vulnerabilities, black-box testing is often the most effective for identifying external vulnerabilities and assessing how a system can be breached without internal access. Hybrid testing, combining aspects of both black-box and white-box, can also be useful but does not focus entirely on external attack vectors.

Computer / Software Security

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