- A Finance Commission
- B Inter State Commission
- C Inter State Council
- D Zonal Council
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The Finance Commission of India is established by the President of India as per Article 280 of the Constitution. It is a constitutional body appointed by the President every five years to review the centre-state financial relationships and recommend the sharing of taxes between the Union and the States. The Commission also makes recommendations on the measures needed to augment the Consolidated Fund of a State to supplement the resources of the Panchayats and Municipalities in the State on the basis of the recommendations made by the State Finance Commissions.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, famously recognized as the Father of the Constitution of India, was a brilliant writer, constitutional expert, an undisputed leader of the depressed classes and chief architect of the Constitution of India. He is also called Modern Manu by many partly due to the fact that he drafted the Hindu Code Bills.
Article 282 of the Constitution empowers both the Centre and the states to make any grants for any public purpose, even if it is not within their respective legislative competence. These grants are also known as discretionary grants because the Centre is under no obligation to give these grants and the matter lies within its discretion.
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and later entrusted with functions and responsibilities under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal as per the Constitution of India. It is the guardian of the Constitution and acts as a federal court.
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal as per the Constitution of India. It is the guardian of the Constitution and acts as a federal court.
Community government is elected by the people belonging to one language community-such Dutch, French and German-no matter where they live. This type of government exists in Belgium and has the power to decide cultural, educational and language-related issues.
Article 368 of the Indian Constitution provides for two types of amendments. Some provisions can be amended with simple majority while some require special majority. This reflects that the Indian Constitution is neither rigid nor flexible, but a synthesis of both.
In 1947, when the British Paramountcy lapsed, Sikkim became a protectorate of India. The Indian government assumed the responsibility for the defense, external affairs and communications of Sikkim, which had previously been ruled by Chogyals.
According to the Constitution of India the President can nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons having special knowledge or practical experience in literature, science, art and social service.