Q: ____ was implemented in 1998 and was designed to guard private data kept in servers, workstations, and personal computers or in structured record-keeping systems.

Answer: D) Data Protection Act
Explanation: The Data Protection Act of 1998 was a landmark legislation in the United Kingdom designed to protect personal data stored on computers or in organized paper filing systems. It aimed to ensure that data was processed fairly, lawfully, and transparently, with appropriate security measures in place to prevent unauthorized access or loss. The Act set out key principles for data protection, including requirements for obtaining consent from individuals before collecting their data, ensuring data accuracy, and allowing individuals to access their data. It applied to all organizations that handled personal data, including businesses, government agencies, and nonprofits. The Data Protection Act was a precursor to the more comprehensive General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into effect in 2018, enhancing and expanding data protection rights and obligations across Europe. The 1998 Act laid the foundation for modern data protection practices, emphasizing the importance of privacy and security in the digital age.