Creating a Database User in SQL: Step-by-Step Guide

As always, begin by connecting to your server where Oracle is hosted, then connect to Oracle itself as the SYSTEM account.

The SYSTEM account is one of a handful of predefined administrative accounts generated automatically when Oracle is installed. SYSTEM is capable of most administrative tasks, but the task we’re particularly interested in is account management.

Creating a User

Once connected as SYSTEM, simply issue the CREATE USER command to generate a new account.

Run the below query to check whether you are in SYSTEM user or not

If you don't know how to connect with SYSTEM user please see the previous tutorial

SQL> SHOW user;
  USER is "SYSTEM"
  SQL>

CREATE USER user_name IDENTIFIED BY MyPassword;

Example

Here I am creating one user. In my case user name is Username: atnylaUser and password is: rumman_ansari

SQL> CREATE USER atnylaUser IDENTIFIED BY rumman_ansari;

  User created.

  SQL>

Here we’re simply creating a atnylaUser account that is IDENTIFIED or authenticated by the specified rumman_ansari.

The Grant Statement

With our user_name new account created, we can now begin adding privileges to the account using the GRANT statement. GRANT is a very powerful statement with many possible options, but the core functionality is to manage the privileges of both users and roles throughout the database.

Providing Roles

Typically, you’ll first want to assign privileges to the user through attaching the account to various roles, starting with the CONNECT role:

GRANT CONNECT TO user_name;

Example

SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO atnylaUser;

     Grant succeeded.

     SQL>

In some cases to create a more powerful user, you may also consider adding the RESOURCE role (allowing the user to create named types for custom schemas) or even the DBA role, which allows the user to not only create custom named types but alter and destroy them as well.

GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE, DBA TO user_name;

Example

SQL> GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE, DBA TO atnylaUser;

   Grant succeeded.

   SQL>

Assigning Privileges

Next you’ll want to ensure the user has privileges to actually connect to the database and create a session using GRANT CREATE SESSION. We’ll also combine that with all privileges using GRANT ANY PRIVILEGES.

GRANT CREATE SESSION GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE TO user_name;

We also need to ensure our new user has disk space allocated in the system to actually create or modify tables and data, so we’ll GRANT TABLESPACE like so:

GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO user_name;

Example

SQL> GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO atnylaUser;

     Grant succeeded.

     SQL>

Table Privileges

While not typically necessary in newer versions of Oracle, some older installations may require that you manually specify the access rights the new user has to a specific schema and database tables.

For example, if we want our user_name user to have the ability to perform SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, and DELETE capabilities on the books table, we might execute the following GRANT statement:

GRANT
  SELECT,
  INSERT,
  UPDATE,
  DELETE
ON
  schema.books
TO
  user_name;

This ensures that atnylaUser can perform the four basic statements for the books table that is part of the schema schema.